General practice is to check when the footings are ready for concreting i.e. reinforcement is entirely tied up. However, the ideal practice would be to check it in two phase. 01. Check Formwork as well as soil strata Before you allow placing of reinforcement, check the formwork and soil strata. It is necessary as certain […]

This construction video will provide step-by-step instructions on how to estimate cutting length of rectangular stirrups. In this video, the solution is given for the following problem :- The sample drawing of a beam is presented with X = 300 mm and Y = 400 mm. Dia of stirrup = ϕ 8 mm Clear Cover […]

A bridge refers to a structure that is developed to extent over physical obstacles as well as provide passage for the road, railway, pedestrians, a canal or a pipeline. The obstacles to be spanned may belong to a river, a road, railway or a valley. Designs of bridges are based on the function of the […]

Grillage Foundation design is mostly suitable for heavy structural loads from columns, piers or beams which are essential to transmit bearing capacity of a soil relatively inferior. The grillage foundation can easily disperse the load over a broad area of the subsoil. This foundation facilitates to resist deep excavations because the required base area is […]

The video briefly explains fundamental principles of punching shear. Punching shear stands for a type of failure of reinforced concrete slabs that happens owning to extreme localized forces. In flat slab structures It happens at column support points. The failure occurs because of shear. Perfect assumption of punching shear strength is a vital factor and […]

Soil nail walls consists of installing passive reinforcement (i.e., no post-tensioning) in existing ground by installing closely spaced steel bars or sections (i.e., nails) and placing a front face support. Soil nails are later grouted if they are installed in drilled holes. Ungrouted soil nails are also possible if nails (or steel sections) are driven […]

Beam stands for a structural member that provides supports to bear the transverse load that generally builds on the supports at its end. Girder is the part and parcel of a beam that provides strong supports to one or more smaller beam. Beams are categorized as simple beam, continuous beam and semi-continuous beam. Simple Beam: […]

Straight Run Staircase This is the most plain staircase with the flight of stairs is all in one direction. If your home is to have standard ceiling height, the chances are you could go and buy a straight run staircase from Home Depot. They’re uncomplicated and inexpensive to build. If your home is to have […]

Composite Section Solution:   RECTANGLE Tan(θ)=6/8=0.75 θ=-arctan(0.75)= -37° (Clockwise rotation is generally assumed negative) I ̅xx=  (Iaa+Ibb)/2+((Ibb-Iaa)/2)×cos⁡2θ-Iabxsin2θ = 384.8 I ̅yy=(Iaa+Ibb)/2-(Ibb-Iaa)/2×cos⁡2θ+Iab sin⁡(2θ)=295.2 I ̅xy=((Ibb-Iaa)/2)*sin⁡2θ + Iab*cos⁡2θ=-153.6 Ixx=I ̅xx+d^2×A=384.8+(5.8)^2×60=2403.2 Iyy=I ̅yy+d^2×A=295.2+(5.25)^2×60=1948.95 Ixy=I ̅xy+X ̅Y ̅×A=-153.6+5.8×5.25×60=1673.4 TRIANGLE Ixx=(b×h^3)/12=(6×8^3)/12=256 Iyy=(8×6^3)/12=144 Ixy=(b^2×h^2)/24=96 RECTANGLE+TRIANGLE Ixx=2659.2 Iyy= 2092.95 Ixy=1769.4